Footnotes


1 Paternoster Press, 296 pp..
2 Thus his famous book by that title (Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1975).
3 G.H. Williams & A.M. Mergal: Spiritual and Anabaptist Writers, Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1957, p. 25.
4 Rad. Ref., p. XX.
5 Ib. pp. 825 & 862f.
6 Ib. p. 302.
7 Dissertation for the degree of Doctor in Religious Education (D.R.E.), Whitefield Theological Seminary, Florida, I-II, 1991.
8 In The Presbyterian, Bristol, July 1990.
9 See: Didachee chs. 2 and Irenaeus's Against Heresies IV:16-18.
10 See: (First) Clement of Rome's Epistle to the Corinthians ch. 1 and Diognetus ch. 5.
11 See: Irenaeus's op. cit. II:33-34; Tertullian's Resurrection of the Flesh, chs. 18 & 37; Chrysostom's 28th Homily on Hebrews (11:37f); and Augustine's City of God XIII:7-9 and Epistle 166:3:6f.
12 See: Did. 2:3-8 & 3:1-7 & 11:2-12 & 16:3-4; 1st Clem. 1:1-2; Barn. ch. 20; Ignatius's Epistle to the Ephesians chs. 9.16,19; Hermas II:11:1f; Tatian's Greeks 1 & 12; Justin Martyr's First Apology 14 & 30; Theophilus's Epistle to Autolycus II:8; Athenagoras's Plea chs. 26f; Irenaeus's op. cit. I:13-16; Clement of Alexandria's Stromata IV:16f & VIII:18; Caius's Fragment against Proclus 2 and Muratorian Canon 4; Hippolytus's Refutation of Heresies V:3 & VIII:12 & X:22f; Origen's Celsus III:24 & VII:3-4 & VIII:48; and Eusebius's Church History IV:26 & V:16.
13 See esp.: Clement of Rome's First Epistle to the Corinthians chs. 9:4 & 12:5 & 17 & 46; Didachee 7:1- 3; Barnabas' Epistle 6,8,9,11,13f; Hermas's Shepherd I:3:3-7,29 & II:2:1 & II:4:3 & III:9:16,17,29-31; Justin Martyr's First Apology chs. 15 & 61-64 and his Dialogue with Trypho chs. 14-19 & 23-24 & 29 & 104; Irenaeus's Heresies I:21:1 & II:22:4 & III:17:1-7 & III:18:7; Clement of Alexandria's Exhortation to the Heathen X:12f and his Paedagogue I:6f & III:11f; Tertullian's Prescriptions Against Heretics ch. 40 and his On Repentance 6:4f; Origen's Homily on Luke 14:2 (on Luke 2:22a); and Cyprian's Epistles 59 or 64 and 72 or 73 and 74 or 75 and 76 or 69.
14 Baptism in the Early Christian Centuries, in ed. A. Gilmore's Christian Baptism, Lutterworth, London, 1959, pp. 202f & n. 8.
15 His M.Div. and Dr. Sac. Theol. dissertations (respectively in 1990 and 1991 at Whitefield Theological Seminary in Florida). See too his 1989 D.Ed. and his 1991 D.R.E. dissertations on Catechism Before Communion ( pp. 117f & 126f & 201f) and Baby Belief Before Baptism I & II -- both at the Dominion School of Education in Florida.
16 See R. Ayres: Christian Baptism, Kelly, London, n.d..
17 Schaff: Church History, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1970, IV, pp. 574-79.
18 E. Yamauchi: Manichaeans (in ed. T. Dowley: The History of Christianity, Lion Handbook, Anzea books, Surry Hills NSW, 1978 rep., pp. 48f).
19 Schaff: Ch. Hist. V pp. 472f, 475, 477.
20 Paul D. Steeves: The Paulicians and the Bogomils (in ed. T. Dowley: op. cit., pp. 245f).
21 Schaff: Ch. Hist. V pp. 483-85; S. Miller's Infant Baptism, in Baptism and Christian Education, Presb. Heritage, Dallas, 1984 rep., p. 30; E. Hulse's Introduction to the Baptists, Carey, Haywards Heath, p. 6 n. 1.
22 W. Wall: op. cit. I p. xliv.
23 Ib. I p. 497.
24 Postille on Mt. 8:1, in M. Luther's Works, Weimer ed., I:172 pp. 81f (cited in Verduin's op. cit. p. 196).
25 See n. 23.
26 A.H. Newman: History of Anti-pedobaptism, Philadelphia, 1897, p. 61.
27 S. Miller: op. cit., pp. 28-30.
28 1655 Waldensian Confession art. 33 (cf. 29 & 31), in Schaff's Creeds III pp. 757 & 766-69.
29 Augsburg Confession art. 9f.
30 Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologiae III Q. 66-69.
31 Ib. Q. 60,2.
32 Schaff: Ch. Hist. V p. 671.
33 Sum. Theol. P. III; Qu. LXVI; De Bapt. art. 7 (cited in Schaff's Ch. Hist. III p 250 n 3).
34 Summa Q. 62,4-5.
35 Ib. Q. 68,1.
36 Ib. V pp. 708f (citing Thomas's Summa III.62.6).
37 Ib. III.66.9; 67:3; 68:9; 72:1..... 38) Schaff: Ch. Hist. V p. 711.
39 Ib. p. 712 (compare Thomas's Summa P. III qu. LXVI and his On Baptism art. vii).....
40 See G. Steitz's art. Baptism (in Schaff-Herzog's Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge, Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1891, I p. 201).
41 F.F. Bruce's Bible (English Versions) and R.G. Clouse's Wycliffe, John (c. 1329-1384) in ed. Douglas's op. cit. pp. 127 & 1064; R. Vaughan's Tracts and Treatises of John de Wycliffe, D.D., Wycliffe Society, London, 1845, pp. lxxxviii, 140-43, 151, 301; H.B. Workman's John Wyclif, Clarendon, Oxford, 1926, II, pp. 40 & 416.
42 Schaff: Ch. Hist. VI p. 361.
43 Vaughan: op. cit. pp. 156, 159 & 59.
44 Op. cit. I p. 466.
45 J. Foxe: Book of Martyrs, 2nd ed., I, p. 485. See too Book II pp. 94-96 in the version edited by Rev. Dr. A. Clarke (Ward & Lock, London, n.d.).
46 Thus Schaff's Ch. Hist. VI pp. 258f,370f,381f,387f; and esp. W.G. Dixon's The Romance of the Catholic Presbyterian Church, Board of Religious Education, Presbyterian Church of Australia, Melbourne, 1930, pp. 26f.
47 Op. cit. I pp. 466f.
48 3 Kenya St., Wavell Heights, Brisbane, Australia -- citing Schaff's Church History (VI p. 381); Luther's Works (Muhlenberg, Philadelphia, 1960, American ed., XXXI, pp. 307,313,321; XLVIII, p. 153; XXXII pp. 123,128f,3,56,71,74f); The Works of Martin Luther (Holman ed., Philadelphia, 1915, II pp. 140f & 171); and Luther's Writings (Concordia, St. Louis, Walch ed., 1881, XV col. 1639, XIX cols. 70-71, & XV cols. 783-7).
49 Thus Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1983, I pp. 566f; & Ch. Hist. VI pp. 397f.
50 Op. cit. p. 197.
51 E.G.A. Boeckel: Confessions of the Evangelical Reformed Churches, Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1847, pp. 779f & 789f.
52 Ib. pp. 811f.
53 M. Luther: The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520), Kok, Kampen, 1959, pp. 12.
54 Inst. IV:2:11-12.
55 See Schaff's Ch. Hist. VII p. 611.
56 Luther's Works St. Louis ed., XI:489,495 (in F. Pieper's Christian Dogmatics, Concordia, St. Louis, 1953, III pp. 286 & 285, and in II p. 449).
57 M. Luther: To Two Clergymen About Rebaptism, in the Weimer ed. of his Works, 26,173,13. Cited in K. Aland: Did the Early Church Baptize Infants?, S.C.M., London, pp. 114-16.
58 "Fides infantilis...ne illudatur majestas Sacramenti et Verbi." Cited in Berkouwer's Karl Barth and Infant Baptism, Kok, Kampen, 1947, p. 55.
59 Luther's Large Catechism 3. Cited in Berkouwer's op. cit. p. 56 & n. 11.
60 Luther: An Argument in Defence of all the Articles of Dr. Martin Luther wrongly condemned in the Roman Bull (in Works III pp. 11, 20f, 50f & 60).....
61 G. Kramer: The Connection between Baptism and Regeneration, De Vecht, Breukelen, 1897, pp. 67f.
62 Cited in G. Kramer's op. cit., pp. 70f.
63 W.R. Estep: The Anabaptist Story, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1975, p. 20 n. 38.
64 K.R. Davis: Anabaptism and Asceticism, Herald, Scottsdale Pa., 1974, pp. 206f.
65 Op. cit. p. 327. See too H. Schoeps: On the 'Heavenly Flesh' of Christ, Tuebingen, 1951.
66 The Paulicians rejected infant baptism, and always acquired instruction before receiving the sacrament. F.C. Coneybeare: The Key of Truth [a Paulician document], Oxford, 1898, pp. 91 & 118. See too H.W. Robinson: Baptist Principles 63.
67 W.M.S. West: The Anabaptists and the Rise of the Baptist Movement, in A. Gilmore's op. cit., pp. 223f & 228f. Also H.C. Vedder's A Short History of the Baptists, American Baptist Publication Society, Philadelphia, 1907, p. 130: "A moral certainty exists of a connection between the Swiss Anabaptists and their...Petrobrusian predecessors, sustained by many significant facts."
68 A. Steimle: Introduction to Luther's 1522 'Eight Wittenberg Sermons', in Luther's Works (Holman, Philadelphia, 1915, II pp. 387-90).
69 R.D. Linder's Zwickau Prophets, art. in ed. Douglas's op. cit. pp. 1072f.
70 E. Hulse: op. cit., pp. 14f.
71 R.G. Clouse: Carlstadt (Karlstadt), Andreas Bodenstein von (c. 1477-1541), art. in ed. Douglas's op. cit. p. 193.
72 R.G. Clouse: Muenzer, Thomas (before 1490-1525), art. in ed. Douglas's op. cit. p. 684.
73 Rad. Ref. pp. 45f & 50.
74 Cited in Williams & Mergal's op. cit. pp. 61 & 65 n. 28.
75 Thus Williams's Rad. Ref. p. 54.
76 Rad. Ref. p. 55.
77 Hulse: op. cit. pp. 16f; West: op. cit. p. 244.
78 Estep's op. cit. p. 69 nn. 2 & 15, citing H.C. Vedder's Balthasar Huebmaier.
79 Schaff: Ch. Hist. VIII pp. 76 n. 2 & 77f.
80 B. Huebmaier's Concerning Christian Baptism of Believers, trans. G.D. Davidson, p. 121. Cited in Estep's op. cit. p. 60.
81 B. Huebmaier's Discussion of Mr. Ulrich Zwingli's 'Little Table Book on Infant Baptism', 1526 (in Huebmaier's Works, trans. G.D. Davidson, 1939), pp. 132-33 & 92-93. Cited in Estep's op. cit. pp. 158f & 175f.
82 Estep's op. cit. pp. 164.
83 Original title: B. Huebmaier's (1527) On Infant Baptism; Oecolampadius etc.; a Discussion Held by the Preachers at Basle with Several Anabaptist Authorities. The latter phrase is the title of a 1525 work by Oecolampadius, to which Huebmaier was now replying. See Estep's op. cit. pp. 165f & 176 n. 32.
84 Thus Estep's op. cit. pp. 65f & 70 n. 32a.
85 M. Luther's 1528 On Rebaptism (in Walch XVII:2644) and his Letter to Link (in M. Luther's Letters, ed. De Wette, III:311 & 347sqq.), as cited in Schaff's Ch. Hist. VII pp. 60 & 609f.
86 C.M. Jacobs: Introduction to Luther's 1525 'Admonition to Peace' (in Luther's Works, Muhlenberg ed., Philadelphia, 1931, IV pp. 203-10.
87 J.H. Landwehr's art. Hubmaier (Balthasar), in the Christian Encyclopaedia, Kok, Kampen, II, p. 652.
88 See Cunitz's art. Huebmaier, in Schaff-Herzog's ERK, II, p. 1029.
89 Cited in Luther's Works, Muhlenberg ed., IV pp. 213 & 215.
90 F. Engels: The Peasant War in Germany = ch. II. in K. Marx & F. Engels's On Religion, Foreign Languages' Publishing House, Moscow, 1955, p. 103 & 109-14.
91 So cited in C.F.W. Walther's Communism and Socialism, Hope Pub. Bureau, Hill City, Minn., 1964 pp. 40f (quoting from Luther's Works XVI p. 157).
92 M. Luther's Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants, in his Works (Muhlenberg ed.), IV pp. 248 & 253.
93 M. Luther's 1529 On War Against the Turk, in his Works (Muhlenberg ed.), V p. 97.
94 M. Luther's 1530 The Eighty-Second Psalm Translated and Explained, in his Works (Muhlenberg ed.), IV pp. 287,298,313.
95 The Councils and the Church (1539), in Luther's Works, Muhlenberg ed., Philadelphia, 1931, V, pp. 131 & 292.....
96 1545 Preface to the Revelation of St. John, in Luther's Works (Muhlenberg ed.), VI p. 482.
97 See Luther's 1525 Missionary Letter to the Christian in Antwerp, in his Works, Weimer ed., 1883, XVIII p. 547.
98 M. Luther: Letter to the Christians in Bremen, March 1525 (in T.G. Tappert's Luther's Letters of Spiritual Counsel, SCM, London, 1955, pp. 209f).
99 Luther's Works, Erlangen ed., XXVI:268f & 275 (cited in Holman ed. I pp. 54f).
100 Augsburg Confession arts. 5,9,12,13,16,17.
101 Formula of Concord, 1576 (1584) art. 12.
102 Compare Schaff: Ch. Hist. VIII pp. 70-77.
103 Op. cit. p. 17.
104 Cited in Williams & Mergal's op. cit. pp. 73f.
105 Cited in Verduin's op. cit., p. 199.
106 Cited in G.H. Williams's op. cit. p. 131.
107 L.B. Schenck: The Presbyterian Doctrine of Children in the Covenant, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 1940, p. 25.
108 O. Farner: Hulrych Zwingli, Zwingli Press, Zurich, 1943, I pp. 324 & 328; W. Koehler: Hulrych Zwingli, Koehler & Emelang, Leipzig, 1943, p. 64; J. Courvoisier: Zwingli, a Reformed Theologian, Epworth, London, 1964, p. 66.
109 U. Zwingli: On Baptism, Rebaptism and Infant Baptism, in Works, ed. Schuler & Schulthess, Zurich, 1830, II:1, p. 301.
110 Schaff's Ch. Hist. VIII p. 83: "Haetzer...was beheaded for adultery and bigamy".
111 Ib. p. 75.
112 See his Christian Introduction of the Zurich Council to the Pastors and Preachers (in the section 'Concerning the Abrogation of the Law).
113 Schaff: op. cit. VIII pp. 81f.
114 Op. cit. p. 17. Compare P. Toon: Grebel, Conrad (1495?-1526), art. in ed. Douglas's op. cit. p. 429.
115 Schaff's Ch. Hist. VIII p. 78 & nn. 4-5: "It was first done mostly in houses, by sprinkling or pouring" (respectively "bespritzt" and "beguessen").
116 Ib. pp. 70 and 78 n. 1, citing R. Nitsche's History of the Anabaptists in Switzerland at the Time of the Reformation, Einsiedeln, 1885, p. 30.
117 Cited in Williams & Mergal: op. cit., pp. 41f.
118 Cited in K.R. Davis: Anabaptism and Asceticism, Herald, Scottsdale Pa., 1974, p. 204 at nn. 505 & 507.
119 Op. cit. pp. 16-18.
120 Cf. at n. 112 above. See too J. Knox's Works II:117 (cited in Schenck's op. cit. p. 38 at n. 121).
121 Church History, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1892, II pp. 406f.
122 C.S. Meyer's art. Denck, Hans (c. 1495-1527), in ed. Douglas's op. cit. p. 292.
123 J.G.G. Norman: Hetzer, Ludwig (c. 1500-1529), in ed. Douglas's op. cit. p. 468.
124 Op. cit. p. 16.
125 Rad. Ref. pp. 192-93.
126 Schaff: op. cit. VIII pp. 82f.
127 Cited in S.M. Jackson's Selected Works of Huldreich Zwingli, Philadelphia, 1901, pp. 191 & 150.
128 Ib. p. 209.
129 B. Hubmaier: Concerning the Christian Baptism of Believers. Zwingli's own 1527 work was titled Concerning Doctor Balthazar's 'Little Book on Baptism' Thoroughly Answered.
130 U. Zwingli: Polemic against the Catabaptistic Catastrophe (1527), in Works III pp. 257f & 424.
131 U. Zwingli: Works III pp. 475sqq. & IV pp. 8sqq (in Kramer's op. cit., p. 156).
132 See the citations in Williams's op. cit. pp. 194f.
133 U. Zwingli: Confession of Faith, 1530, arts. 12-20.
134 U. Zwingli: Declaration of Christian Faith, 1531, arts. 15,19,73-82,87-91 & 121-24.
135 Estep's op. cit. p. 65; Williams's op. cit. pp. 163f.
136 Vedder's Huebmaier p. 166, as cited in the Baptist Estep's op. cit. p. 70 n. 31.
137 Thus Williams' Rad. Ref. pp. 225 & 231-33.
138 Op. cit. pp. 65,68,91.
139 Williams: Rad. Ref. pp.232f.
140 Estep's op. cit. pp. 97f,101,107 (nn. 15-19).
141 Williams: Rad. Ref. p. 514.
142 In Williams & Mergal's op. cit. pp. 272-84.
143 Rad. Ref. pp. 430-33.
144 "Communia debere esse amicorum omnia...sine dubio et conjuges." So cited in Williams & Mergal's op. cit. p. 273 & n. 2. Compare too the fuller version in Williams's Rad. Ref. p. 512 n. 21: "Communia amicorum omnia. In omnibus autem sunt sine dubio et conjuges" -- 'All things of friends are common. In all things, however, even wives are, without doubt.' See too P. Hinschius's edition of the Decretals (Leipzig 1863).
145 Williams & Mergal's op. cit. pp. 272f.
146 Ib. p. 273 n. 2.
147 Ib. p. 273.
148 Ib. p. 158 n. 49.
149 Ib. pp. 145f & 159 nn. 50-53.
150 See at nn. 144-47 above.
151 Williams's Rad. Ref. pp. 511f.
152 See J.H. Landwehr's art. Hofmann (Melchior), in the (Dutch) Christian Encyclopaedia II pp. 608f.
153 G.H. Williams: op. cit. pp. 329f.
154 Estep's op. cit. p. 109.
155 M. Hofmann's The [Baptismal] Ordinance of God, in Williams & Mergal's op. cit. pp. 192f.
156 Rev. Prof. Dr. H. Bouwman's art. Anabaptists. in the Dutch Chr. Enc., I p. 113.
157 Estep's op. cit. pp. 112-23; Williams & Mergal's op. cit. p. 216 n. 39 and p. 223 & nn. 55f; J.G.G. Norman's art. Philips, Obbe (c. 1500-1568), in ed. Douglas's op. cit., p. 776.
158 K.R. Davis: Philips, Dirk (Dietrich) (1502-1568), art. in ed. Douglas's op. cit., p. 776.
159 Op. cit. pp. 210 & 290.
160 Rad. Ref. pp. 324 & 326f.
161 D. Philips: Handbook of Christian Teaching and Religion, f. 494. Cited in Kramer's op. cit. p. 75 n. 7.
162 Ib., f. 14b. Cited in Kramer's op. cit. p. 815 n. 5.
163 Williams's Rad. Ref. pp. 364-68; and Williams & Mergal's op. cit. p. 216 n. 39.
164 Williams's Rad. Ref. pp. 369-70.
165 Op. cit. p. 273 n. 2.
166 Williams's Rad. Ref. pp. 371f.
167 Ib. pp. 372-73 & 512.
168 B.W. Farley, in J. Calvin's Treatises Against the Anabaptists and Against the Libertines, Baker, Grand Rapids, 1982, p. 283 n. 4.
169 Cited in Walther's op. cit. p. 45; cf. M. Beer's General History of Socialism and Social Struggles, Russell & Russell, New York, 1957, II pp. 124-32.
170 N. Cohn: The pursuit of the Millenium, Mercury, London, 1962, pp. 293f.
171 Rad. Ref. p. 515.
172 Ib. pp. 359 & 380.
173 Williams & Mergal's op. cit. p. 222 n. 53.
174 Williams's Rad. Ref. pp. 379-81.
175 U. Rhegius's Refutation of the Neo-Valentinians and Neo-Donatists of Muenster, Wittenberg, 1535; C.A. Cornelius's History of the Muenster Revolution, I-II, Leipzig, 1855.
176 Op. cit. in Gilmore's op. cit. p. 250.
177 Williams's Rad. Ref. p. 381.
178 Williams & Mergal's op. cit. p. 223.
179 Kurtz's op. cit. II p.408.
180 Kramer's op. cit. p. 72.
181 H. Bouwman's David Joris, art. in the Dutch Chr. Enc. I pp. 571f.
182 Williams & Mergal's op. cit. p. 223 n. 57.
183 Ib. p. 511.
184 Op. cit. p. 123.
185 Rad. Ref. pp. 381f & 511f.
186 Williams & Mergal, pp. 204-25.
187 Estep's op. cit. p. 108; and Norman's Philips & D. Jellema's Menno Simons (1496-1561) in ed. Douglas's op. cit. pp. 650 & 776.
188 Bouwman's op. cit., p. 114.
189 Williams & Mergal: op. cit. p. 223 and nn. 55 & 58 cf. p. 261f.
190 Estep's op. cit. pp. 122f.
191 Op. cit. f. 32b; 893a.....
192 Op. cit., f. 32b; 893a. Also quoted from M. Simons's Foundation Book [or Fundamentboek] by De Moor's Comm. on Marck P. V. p. 492 sqq., & by C. Vitringa's Doctrine VII.
193 E. Hulse: op. cit., p. 11.
194 Menno: op. cit. pp. 16-23 & 414 (cited in Berkouwer's op. cit. pp. 80f & 89).
195 Estep's op. cit. p. 200: "Apparently all Anabaptists of the sixteenth century believed that the Lord's return was imminent."
196 Williams's Rad. Ref. pp. xx & 15.
197 J. Calvin's Tracts and Treatises, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1958, II p. 265 & 358.
198 Rad. Ref. pp. 323f & 610f (also citing Calvin's Opera VIII col. 496).
199 Kurtz op. cit. II p.409f.
200 Williams's Rad. Ref. pp. 652 & 692 cf. 656.
201 Op. cit., p. 114.
202 H.C. Vedder: Balthazar Huebmaier, Putnam, New York, 1905, p. 144.
203 Newman: op. cit. pp. 336f.
204 Rad. Ref. pp. 666f.
205 Ib. p. 669.
206 Op. cit. II pp. 400f.
207 W. Klaassen's Anabaptism: Neither Catholic nor Protestant, Conrad, 1973 -- and I.B. Horst's The Radical Brethren: Anabaptism and the English Reformation to 1558, De Graaff, 1972.
208 Op. cit. p. 142.
209 Mennonite Quarterly Review, January 1950, p. 25.
210 Schaff's Creeds I p. 841; & Ch. Hist. VII pp. 442f.
211 See especially his Rad. Ref. pp. XX,268-73,311-17,322f,335f,605f,621f,858f.
212 Ib. p. 133.
213 See Schaff's Creeds I p. 844 n. 3 para. 2; and W.J. M'Glothlin's art. Anabaptism (in J. Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion & Ethics, Clark, Edinburgh, 1925, I, xii & 406f).
214 B.W. Farley: Introduction to Calvin's Libertines, p. 15.
215 Schaff's Creeds I p. 844 n. 3 last para.
216 F.N. Lee: Biblical Private Property Versus Socialistic Common Property, art. in Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, Sunnybank, Brisbane, Australia, III, 1988.
217 F.N. Lee's Quarterly Communion at Biblical Seasons Annually, Addendum C in his Catechism Before Communion! pp. 210-20.
218 See 'The Cover Letter' in Yoder's The Legacy of Michael Sattler, Herald, Scottsdale, 1973, pp 35f. Emphases mine --F.N. Lee.
219 Farley, in Calvin's Libertines p. 283 n. 5.
220 See below at nn. 266-272f.
221 P. Smith: The Age of the Reformation, Holt, New York, 1920, p. 154.
222 See Schaff's Creeds I p. 844 n. 3 para. 2.
223 Schaff's Creeds I p. 844 & n. 3 cf. G.B. Winer's Confessions of Christendom, Clark, Edinburgh, 1993 p. 30.
224 M'Glothlin's Anabaptism (in Hastings's ERE I) p. 407 col. 2.
225 D.M. Lake's Baptism in ed. Douglas's op. cit. pp. ix & 100.
226 Estep's op. cit. p. 209.
227 M. Simons's Opera Omnia f. 778, 264 sqq. & 493; D. Philips's Handbook of the Christian Doctrine and Religion f. 32 & 264.
228 Simons's op. cit. f. 155 sqq., 175 sqq., 471, 751, 881 sqq.; Philips's op. cit. f. 32 sqq. & 269 sqq.
229 Simons's op. cit. f. 30a,176,756b,811; Philips's op. cit. f. 34.
230 Simons: Opera Omnia f. 778, 264sqq. & 493. See too Philips: op. cit. f. 32 & 264.
231 Simons: op. cit. f. 155sqq., 175sqq., 471sqq., 751sqq., 881sqq.; Philips: op. cit. f. 32sqq. & 269sqq.
232 Simons: op. cit. f. 30a, 176, 756b, 811; Philips: op. cit., f. 34.
233 Ch. 17.
234 Cited by J.C. Wenger in Mennonite Quarterly Review XII:148. See too J.J. Kiwiet's Pilgram Marbeck, Oncken, Kassel, 1957, pp. 101f.
235 J. Oecolampadius: Instruction Against Rebaptism, cited in Kramer's op. cit. p. 159.
236 J. Oecolampadius: Answer to Balthazar Hubmaier's 'Little Book Against...Infant Baptism' (1527), in Kramer's op. cit. p. 159.
237 J. Oecolampadius: First Basle Confession (1532), art. 12.
238 Cited in G.H. Williams: op. cit. pp. 201f.
239 Schenck: op. cit. p. 28.
240 First Helvetic Confession, art. XI.
241 Art. 20-21 (21-22).
242 Arts. 25f.
243 J. Calvin's 1536 Preface to Francis King of France, para. 7, in the Reformer's Institutes of the Christian Religion, Clarke, London, ed. 1957, I p. 17.
244 J. Calvin's Preface to his Commentary on the Book of Psalms, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1963, I pp. xl-xlix.
245 Inst. IV:17:13-15.
246 Ib. I:9:1.
247 Ib. II:8:26..... 248) Ib. III:3:14.
249 Ib. IV:16:1 (English and French).
250 J. Calvin's Second Defence of the Sacrament in Answer to the Calumnies of Westphal, in Calvin's Tracts & Treat. II pp. 336.
251 Inst. I:13:22
252 J. Calvin: Concerning Scandals (1550), Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1978, pp. vii & 66- 67.
253 Ib. IV:16:31-32.
254 Corpus Reformatorum (ed. G. Baum, E. Cunitz & E. Reuss, Brunswick, 1863-1900) VIII:615.
255 Rad. Ref. pp. 612-14.
256 T.B. van Halsema: This Was John Calvin, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 1959, pp. 96 & 121.
257 Op. cit. p. 19.
258 Williams: op. cit. p. 597. Cf. too Calvin's Letter to Farel, 21st January 1546.
259 Selected Works of John Calvin, ed. J. Bonnet, Baker, Grand Rapids, ed. 1983, IV:1 pp. 172f.
260 Cited in Williams: op. cit. pp. 590f.
261 See Calvin's Tracts & Treat., III p. 413.
262 Preface by John Calvin to a Friend, in Tracts & Treat., III pp. 414f.
263 See Calvin's To the Reader (of his Psychopannychia), in Tracts & Treat., III pp. 416f.
264 Tracts & Treat., III pp. 423f,450f,457, 459f.
265 Ib. p. 490.
266 Inst. IV:20:2.
267 J. Calvin: Brief Instruction for Arming All the Good Faithful Against the Errors of the Common Sect of the Anabaptists, in his Treatises Against the Anabaptists and Against the Libertines, Baker, Grand Rapids, ed. 1982, p. 43.
268 Ib. pp. 44f.
269 Ib. pp. 56f.
270 Ib. pp. 76f.
271 Ib. p. 82.
272 Ib. pp. 82f & 90f.
273 Ib. pp. 106f.
274 Ib. pp. 119,123,135f,138, 141.
275 Ib. pp. 156.
276 (Editor) B.W. Farley's Introduction to Calvin's Against the Libertines (in his Treatises Against the Anabaptists and the Libertines, pp. 170f).
277 Ib. pp. 213-25.
278 Ib. pp. 232f.
279 Ib. pp. 279f.
280 Ib. pp. 282 n. 5 (thus Farley).
281 Ib. pp. 287f.
282 Ib. pp. 290f.
283 Ib. pp. 299-336.
284 Inst. IV:19:11.
285 Catechism of the Church of Geneva: Of the Sacraments, 1545, in Tracts and Treatises, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1958 ed., II pp. 86-89.
286 Inst. IV:16:26 & Comm. on Mt. 19:14.
287 Comm. on Mt. 28:19..... 288) Comm. on Acts 2:38-39.
289 Comm. Acts 8:12-16.
290 Comm. on Acts 10:47 & 11:17.
291 Comm. on Acts 13:32f.
292 Inst. IV:15:22, 1559 ed.; compare the 1550 ed. where it is located in a discussion of the Lord's Supper (Corp. Ref. I:1038). See too Calvin's Opera Selecta (ed. P. Barth & W. Niesel, Munich, 1926-36).
293 Calvin's 1536 edition of his Institutes. See Corp. Ref. I:118 & I:982 (compare too I:1038, in n. 292 above).
294 After the rapid apostasizing of Simon the sorceror (Acts 8:9-23), he too is said to have started 'baptizing' others in(to) his own name. Later, also his 'disciple' Menander did likewise. See Tertullian's Against All Heresies ch. 1 and his On the Soul ch. 50; Irenaeus's Heresies I:21; Epiphanius's Heresies 22; and Theodoret's Heretical Fables I:2 & II:7. Also the Montanists later invalidly 'baptized' "in the name of the Father, Son and Montanus"; and/or "in the Name of the Father, Son and Priscilla"; and/or "in the Name of the Father, Son and Maximilla." See Basil's Epistolary Canons I:7; Theophylact's On Luke 24 p. 546; the Council of Laodicea (canon 8); the First Council of Constantinople (canon 7); and Jerome's Epistle 54 (to Marcella against Montanus). Also Marcus the sorceror invalidly 'baptized' -- "in the name of the unknown Father of all things; in the name of truth, the mother of all things; and in the name of Jesus who descended for the union and redemption and communion of the principalities or powers." See Theodoret's Heretical Fables I:9 and Irenaeus's Heresies I:18 and Epiphanius's Heresies 34 and Eusebius's Church History.
295 Ib. IV:16:8-9.
296 Inst. IV:16:13-17.
297 Ib. IV:16:18 (cf. Kramer's op. cit., p. 136 n. 1).
298 Inst. IV:16:19.
299 Ib. IV:16:20.
300 Ib. IV:16:21-22.
301 Ib. IV:16:31-32.
302 Reply by John Calvin to Letter by Cardinal Sadolet to the Senate and People of Geneva, in Tracts and Treatises, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, ed. 1958 (I pp. 1,23,36).
303 J. Calvin's Antidote to the [Romish] 'Articles Agreed Upon by the Faculty of Sacred Theology of Paris', Art. I (in Calvin's Tracts & Treat., I pp. 74f).
304 J. Calvin's Refutation of the 'Adultero-German Interim Declaration' on the True Method of Reforming the Church, in his Tracts & Treat. III pp. 253,269,275
305 J. Calvin's 1547 Appendix to the Tract on the True Method of Reforming the Church, in his Tracts & Treat. III pp. 346f.
306 J. Calvin: Sermons on Deuteronomy, Banner of Truth, Edinburgh, ed. 1987, pp. 500 & 505a (30-40).
307 Ib., pp. 1078 & 1083b (30-40).
308 J. Calvin's Second Defence of the Sacrament in Answer to the Calumnies of Westphal, in his Tracts & Treat. II pp. 264f, 313, 319f, 327f & 336-40.
309 Ch. 26.
310 French Confession, arts. 28 & 35 and 39-40.
311 J. Calvin's True Partaking of the Flesh and Blood of Christ in the Holy Supper, in his Tracts & Treat. II pp. 501 & 534f.
312 Op. cit. pp. 209.
313 Ib. p. 778.
314 Op. cit. p. 210.
315 Williams: Red. Ref. pp. 780f.
316 J. Jewel's Works (1560), ed. Ayre, Cambridge, 1850 ed., IV:1240f.
317 Op. cit. p. 209.
318 W.A. Curtis: History of Creeds and Confessions of Faith, Clarke, Edinburgh, 1911, pp. 172f.
319 E.J. Bicknell: A Theological Introduction to the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England, Longman Green & Co., London, ed. 1939, pp. 14f.
320 Ib. p. 28.
321 Ib. p. 70.
322 Ib. pp. 121f.
323 Ib. p. 154.
324 Ib. pp. 161-63.
325 Ib. p. 165.
326 Ib. p. 188.
327 Ib. pp. 218f..... 328) Ib. p. 219.
329 Ib. p. 220.
330 Ib. p. 221.
331 G.F. Maclear & W.W. Williams: An Introduction to the Articles of the Church of England, Macmillan & Co., London, 1896, pp. 16 and 200f.
332 Ib. p. 201.
333 Ib. p. 201 n. 3.
334 Ib. pp. 279 & 289f.
335 Ib. p. 291.
336 Op. cit., pp. 16 and 236f & n. 1.
337 Ib. p. 404.
338 Ib. pp. 442f.
339 Ib. pp. 443f.
340 Ib. pp. 463f.
341 Ib. pp. 479f.
342 Ib. pp. 527f.
343 Ib. p. 528.
344 Ib. p. 556.
345 Creeds III p. 514.
346 Ib. I p. 615 & n. 2.
347 Op. cit. p. 20 n. 2.
348 K. Reed: A Warning Against the Anabaptists by John Knox, Presbyterian Heritage, Dallas, 1984, pp. 1-3.....
349 Knox's Works IV:261-74 (cf. IV:257-60), as cited in Reed's op. cit. pp. 21f.
350 Works V:121f & 189 (cited in Reed's op. cit. pp. 4 & 13).
351 Works II:117 (cited in Schenck's op. cit. p. 38 at n. 121).
352 Art. 23.
353 First Book of Discipline ch. II 2nd Hd. 1-3; cf. IV 4th Hd. (1) 1-3; cf. XI 9th Hd. (1) 4. In F.M. Bradshaw: Basic Documents on Presbyterian Polity, Christian Education Committee, Presbyterian Church of Australia, 1984, pp. 11, 14, 36.
354 Rad. Ref. p. 789f.
355 Testimony Before a Judge in Surrey 29 May 1561 (cited in Williams's Rad. Ref. p. 789f).
356 Williams's Rad. Ref. p. 784.
357 Ib. p. 216.
358 Against the Romanists, Belg. Conf. art. 15; against the Anabaptists, art. 34 & cf. n. 144..... 359) Arts. 7, 18, & 36.
360 G. de Bres: The Radical Origin and Foundation of the Anabaptists, ed. 1608, Bk. III.
361 Ib. f. 200b,271b,215b,216a.
362 Ib. f. 252b,253a,255a.
363 Ib. f. 257a, cf. Kramer's op. cit. p. 207, and Kuyper's Sacraments (in his Dogmatic Dictations, Kok, Kampen, 1909, VI p. 140).
364 Ib. f. 268a.
365 Ib. f. 256a-b,257b,258a.
366 Ib. 260a,245ab.
367 Ib. f. 290a.
368 Cited by C.F. Herschberger in his book The Recovery of the Anabaptist Vision, Herald, Scottsdale Pa., 1957, p. 204.
369 Ch. 11.
370 Ch. 20.
371 Chs. 20 & 29.
372 Ch. 30.
373 Op. cit. p. 206.
374 See above at nn. 69f.
375 See above at nn. 65f.
376 See above at nn. 86f.
377 See above at nn. 99f..... 378) See above at nn. 89f & 153f.
379 See above at nn. 137f..... 380) See above at nn. 144f.
381 P. Datheen: Protocol of the Dialogue with the Anabaptists, 1571.
382 M. Alting: Prot. of the Dialog. with the Anab., 1580.
383 J. Taffin: Instruction Against Errors of Anabaptists, 1580f.
384 F. Junius: Theological Theses on Paidobaptism, ed. 1735.
385 L. Trelcatius Sr.: Common Places, 1587.
386 L. Trelcatius Jr.: Scol. et Meth. Loc. Comm. S. Theol. Inst.
387 G. Snecanus: The Basis of...the Sacrament...of Baptism, 1588.
388 J. Kimedoncius: Answer to the Anabaptist Dirk Philip's 'On the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ', 1590.
389 P. Bontemps: Manifold Errors of the Anabaptists or Mennonites, 1602.
390 Thus: Bastingius; Gomarus; Acronius; Grevinchoven; Seu; Du Bois; Donselaer; Venhuizen; Moded; Buschius; Tayus; Costerus; Nicolai; Langspergius; Amspringius; Vossenholius; and especially Faukelius (the writer of the Short Compendium to the Heidelberg Catechism). See in Kramer's op. cit. pp. 238- 41.
391 See above at nn. 99f. Compare too Calvin's successor Beza's Abstersion of the Calumnies of Tilemann Hesshus the Gnesio-Lutheran. Brandenburg is the central province of Prussia, with Berlin as its capital. From the beginning of the seventeenth century onward, its Lutheran Hohenzollern princes embraced Calvinism. They sponsored the three Brandenburg Confessions: the 1614 Confession of Sigismund (or Siegmund); the 1631 Leipzig Colloquy; and the 1645 Declaration of Thorn.
392 Univ. of Glasgow Press, London, 1931, pp. 243-47.
393 Of the Administration of the Sacraments: and First, of Baptism, in The Subordinate Standards and Other Authoritative Documents of the Free Church of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1933, pp. 293f.
394 L.B. Schenck's op. cit. p. 39.
395 C.G. M'Crie: The Confessions of the Church of Scotland, MacNiven and Wallace, 1907, pp. 51-52 (cited in Schenck's op. cit., p. 57; and in A.F. Mitchell's The Scottish Reformation, Baird Lectures for 1899, Edinburgh, pp. 103 & 112f).
396 Creeds III p. 526.
397 The Westminster Assembly, 1972 ed., pp. 176f.
398 Irish Articles Arts. 61f & 64f.
399 Irish Articles, arts. 89-91.
400 Decrees of Dordt I:17, in The Doctrinal Standards of the Dutch Reformed Church p. 92. Comp. too Gravemeijer: op. cit. III:20:22 p. 139.
401 Decrees of Dordt, Rejection of Error 8.
402 Art. 5, sect. 14.
403 Comp. too G. Gillespie's Aaron's Rod Blossoming, London ed., III ch. 12.
404 Schaff: Creeds III p. 558.
405 See our main text at its nn. 153-56 above.
406 H. Kaajan: Voetius (Gisbertus), in Christian Encyclopedia, Kok, Kampen, 1929, V p. 616.
407 G. Voetius: Selected Theological Disputes, Utrecht, 1648f, II p. 142
408 J. Cloppenburgh: The Gangrene of Anabaptist Theology, II ch. 20 p. 245, cf. III ch. 28 p. 584f.
409 W. Perkins: Golden Chain, chs. XIX-XXXI.
410 C.G. M'Crie: op. cit., pp. 51-52. Cited in Schenck's op. cit. p. 50 n. 166.
411 Op. cit. pp. 50-51.
412 R.G. Torbet: A History of the Baptists, The Carey Kingsgate Press Ltd., London (1950), 1966, pp. 20-35.
413 Estep's op. cit. p. 231; and R.G. Clouse's Church of the Brethren, in Douglas's op. cit. p. 228.
414 See above at n. 412f.
415 See Torbet's op. cit. pp. 20-35; and Payne's The Anabaptists of the 16th Century and Their Influence in the Modern World (London, 1949), pp. 18-21.
416 E.B. Bax's Rise and Fall of the Anabaptists, London, 1903, chs. 5-9; C.-P. Clasen's Medieval Heresies in the Reformation (in Dec. 1963 Church History, XXXII:4, pp. 392-414); H.E. Dosker's The Dutch Anabaptists, pp. 45f; A.H. Newman's History of Anti-pedobaptism (Philadelphia, 1897), chs. 7,21,22; J.H. Shakespeare's Baptist and Congregational Pioneers, London, 1905.
417 Hulse's op. cit. pp. 21,25,52.
418 J.G.G. Norman's Smyth, John (c.1565-1612), in Douglas's op. cit. pp. x & 911.
419 Estep's op. cit. p. 221.
420 West's op. cit. pp. 223f & 265f.
421 Ib. p. 220.
422 T. Helwys: Baptist Confession, 1611, art. 3 reads that "God imposes the necessity of sin on nobody." Compare Estep's op. cit. p. 222: "Helwys...in his first confession of faith...was one with Smyth in denying original sin.... Other aspects of an Arminian soteriology were retained."
423 A.M. Derham's Helwys, Thomas (c. 1550 - c. 1616), in Douglas's op. cit. p. 459. See too the Baptist Confession of 1611, art. 10 (in Schaff's Creeds I pp. 857f).
424 Ib. p. 224.
425 R.S. Ward's Baptism in Scripture and History, pp. 58f.
426 Rad. Ref. p. 788.
427 Schaff's Creeds I pp. 849f.
428 R. Williams: The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience Discussed, ed. Edward Bean Underhill, Hanserd Knollys Soc., London, 1848, pp. 1-2: "It is the will and command of God that...a permission of the most Paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-christian consciences and worships be granted to all men in all nations and countries." Cited in Estep's op. cit. pp. 226 & 235 n. 63.
429 Estep's op. cit. p. 228. Per contra, J. Cotton's Abstract of the Laws of New England (1641).
430 Op. cit. p. 7. Cf. too p. 92: "North America...29,681,927." World total = "33,749,228."
431 Ib. pp. 89-91.
432 Op. cit. p. 229.
433 P.J.S. de Klerk: Reformed Symbolics, Van Schaik, Pretoria, 1954, pp. 88f.
434 W.L. Lumpkin: Baptist Confessions of Faith, Judson, Philadelphia, 1959, p. 157.
435 Marginal note, in the Particular Baptists' 1644 Confession of Faith of those churches which are commonly...called 'Anabaptist'. See too our text at the previous three footnotes.
436 See De Klerk's op. cit. p. 89.
437 Art. 29; and Schaff's Creeds I pp. 835f,849f,855f.
438 Idem.
439 Ib. pp. 88f.
440 F.N. Lee: I Confess! Holy Scripture, the Westminster Confession, and the Declaratory Statement: Their Relationship to One Another in the Presbyterian Church of Australia (revised ed., Brisbane 1991), pp. 29f.
441 Westminster Directory for the Publick Worship of God: Of the Administration of the Sacraments -- and first, of Baptism, in the Subordinate Standards of the Free Church of Scotland, Free Church Offices, Edinburgh, 1933, pp. 293f.
442 West. Conf. 7:2 & 19:1.
443 Ib. 10:3.
444 Ib. 24:2 & 25:1-3.
445 Ib. 28:1-7.
446 West. Larg. Cat. 30 & 35.
447 Ib. 165f & 177.
448 West. Short. Cat. 94.
449 West. Conf. 20:4.
450 Ib. 21:3.
451 Ib. 22:2.
452 Ib. 23:1.
453 Ib. 24:1.
454 Ib. 24:5.
455 Ib. 26:3.
456 Ib. 28:7.
457 West. Larg. Cat. 108 & 112.
458 Ib. 177.
459 Jesus Lives, 3 Kenya St., Wavell Heights, Australia, 1981.
460 J. Calvin: Commentaries on the First Book of Moses called Genesis (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1948), I pp. 458f; and Calvin's Inst. IV:16:9.
461 J. Calvin: Commentaries on the Four Last Books of Moses arranged in the Form of a Harmony. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1948, I p. 106.
462 Ib. pp. 465-67.
463 J. Calvin's Commentaries on the Book of Joshua (5:2-8 & 24:15), Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1948, pp. 80f & 276f.
464 J. Calvin: Commentary on a Harmony of the Evangelists. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1965, II p. 19.
465 J. Calvin: The Acts of the Apostles, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1965, I pp. 19f.
466 Ib. p. 325.
467 West. Larg. Cat. 124-130.
468 Ib. 166.
469 West. Conf. 28:4f.
470 West. Larg. Cat. 155 & 159.
471 Ib. 167.
472 West. Conf. 13:1; 16:3; 19:7.
473 Ib. 20:4 & 23:1.
474 West. Larg. Cat. 53-54.
475 West. Larg. Cat. 191.
476 The Subordinate Standards, pp. 290f.
477 Ib. pp. 286f.
478 Solemn Acknowledgement of Publick Sins and Breaches of the Covenant, in The Subordinate Standards pp. 280 & 283.
479 Ib. pp. v,vi,xiv,xv. Cf. the West. Conf. 8:8; and the West. Larg. Cat. 45, 52, 53, & 54.
480 Cf. the last words in any edition of K. Marx & F. Engels: Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848).